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Full Name: Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c
CAS Number: 1627580-64-6
Molecular Formula: C₇₈H₁₂₅N₂₃O₂₃S₂
Molecular Weight: 1,797.08 g/mol
Amino Acid Sequence: Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg PubChem CID: 91810087
Appearance: White lyophilized powder
Solubility: Water-soluble (may require brief sonication)
Storage: -20°C, desiccated, protected from light
MOTS-c was discovered in 2015 by Lee et al. at the University of Southern California, making it one of the most recently identified bioactive peptides in the mitochondrial-derived peptide family. It is encoded by the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, representing a novel class of signaling molecules that originate from the mitochondrial genome rather than the nuclear genome.
This discovery opened a new area of investigation in mitochondrial biology — the recognition that mitochondria produce bioactive peptides that participate in metabolic signaling. Research interest centers on AMPK pathway activation, folate-methionine cycle interaction, and the broader question of how mitochondrial-encoded peptides communicate with the nuclear genome (retrograde signaling).
MOTS-c is particularly significant as a research compound because it represents a paradigm shift in how the field understands mitochondrial function — moving from energy production to active signaling participation. The published literature is young but growing rapidly.
Lee C, et al. (2015). "The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance." Cell Metab. 21(3):443-454. PMID: 25738459
Kim SJ, et al. (2018). "Mitochondrial-derived peptides in aging and disease." J Clin Invest. 128(10):4379-4390. PMID: 30247164
Reynolds JC, et al. (2021). "MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline." Nat Commun. 12(1):470. PMID: 33473109
Kim KH, et al. (2018). "Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c activates AMPK pathway." J Am Chem Soc. 140(3):886-892.
Lee C, et al. (2022). "Mitochondrial-derived peptides as novel regulators of metabolism." J Mol Endocrinol. 68(2):R29-R42.
Full Name: Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c
CAS Number: 1627580-64-6
Molecular Formula: C₇₈H₁₂₅N₂₃O₂₃S₂
Molecular Weight: 1,797.08 g/mol
Amino Acid Sequence: Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg PubChem CID: 91810087
Appearance: White lyophilized powder
Solubility: Water-soluble (may require brief sonication)
Storage: -20°C, desiccated, protected from light
MOTS-c was discovered in 2015 by Lee et al. at the University of Southern California, making it one of the most recently identified bioactive peptides in the mitochondrial-derived peptide family. It is encoded by the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene, representing a novel class of signaling molecules that originate from the mitochondrial genome rather than the nuclear genome.
This discovery opened a new area of investigation in mitochondrial biology — the recognition that mitochondria produce bioactive peptides that participate in metabolic signaling. Research interest centers on AMPK pathway activation, folate-methionine cycle interaction, and the broader question of how mitochondrial-encoded peptides communicate with the nuclear genome (retrograde signaling).
MOTS-c is particularly significant as a research compound because it represents a paradigm shift in how the field understands mitochondrial function — moving from energy production to active signaling participation. The published literature is young but growing rapidly.
Lee C, et al. (2015). "The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance." Cell Metab. 21(3):443-454. PMID: 25738459
Kim SJ, et al. (2018). "Mitochondrial-derived peptides in aging and disease." J Clin Invest. 128(10):4379-4390. PMID: 30247164
Reynolds JC, et al. (2021). "MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline." Nat Commun. 12(1):470. PMID: 33473109
Kim KH, et al. (2018). "Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c activates AMPK pathway." J Am Chem Soc. 140(3):886-892.
Lee C, et al. (2022). "Mitochondrial-derived peptides as novel regulators of metabolism." J Mol Endocrinol. 68(2):R29-R42.